Sudan, with a population of 46,874,204, ranks 31st globally, just behind Uganda. Located in Africa, it spans 1,878,000 sq. km, ranking 15th, slightly smaller than Indonesia.
Sudan’s economic position in 2022 reflects a GDP of $51,662,241,775.06, ranking 88th globally. It falls behind Turkmenistan, with a GDP of $56,542,857,142.86. The GDP per capita in Sudan is $1,102.15, placing it at 163rd worldwide.
Sudan trails Myanmar in this aspect, with a GDP per capita of $1,149.21. Despite facing challenges, Sudan’s economy shows potential for growth and development in the coming years.
What are the economic activities of Sudan?
- Primary activities: 39.6% of GDP.
- Secondary activities: 2.6% of GDP.
- Tertiary activities: 57.8% of GDP.
Primary Sector of Sudan
Sudan’s primary sector, particularly agriculture, thrives due to its diverse climate and abundant natural resources. With 60.31% of the land dedicated to agriculture, the country produces a variety of crops and animal products. The main agricultural products include sorghum, sugarcane, milk, groundnuts, millet, onions, sesame seeds, goat milk, bananas, and mangoes/guavas.
Despite agriculture contributing 39.6% to the GDP, its significance lies in the variety and abundance of products, showcasing the sector’s importance to the country’s economy.
The country boasts a diverse geology, resulting in abundant natural resources. Petroleum is a key asset, alongside iron ore, copper, and other minerals. Hydropower further boosts the economy, making the primary sector a vital contributor to the nation’s prosperity.
Sudan’s oil production of around 66,912 barrels per day places it at the 31st position in the world ranking. With 5 billion barrels in reserves, it holds 0.3% of global oil reserves, further solidifying its economic activity in the oil sector.
Secondary Sector of Sudan
What is the secondary sector or what are secondary activities?
The secondary sector encompasses industries that transform raw materials from primary activities into finished products for consumption. In Sudan, key industrial products include textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, and automobile/light truck assembly.
Manufactures in Sudan’s total exports are not significant, accounting for only a small percentage in 2023. The country relies more on other sectors for its export revenue.
Tertiary sector of Sudan
What is the tertiary sector or what are tertiary activities?
The tertiary sector in Sudan encompasses various services that contribute to the economy through the provision of knowledge and time. Key activities include healthcare, education, banking, communication, media production, and transportation. These services play a vital role in enhancing productivity and meeting the diverse needs of the population.
Of particular importance, Sudan’s tourism industry plays a vital role in its economy, contributing significantly to the nation’s GDP. With its rich cultural heritage and diverse natural attractions, such as the iconic Pyramids of Meroe and the stunning Nubian Desert, Sudan draws visitors from around the world. However, the ratio of tourist arrivals to the population remains relatively low, indicating untapped potential for growth in this sector.
Another example of tertiary economic activity is the mobile cellular sector, with approximately 34 million subscriptions, fostering technological growth. This connectivity enhances communication, supports businesses, and drives innovation.
Biggest company in Sudan
Which is the biggest company in Sudan? The largest company is Saudi Aramco, with a market value of approximately $2,292.08 billion. It operates in the energy industry and is part of the primary economic sector. Saudi Aramco was founded in 1933.
International Trade of Sudan
Import Activities of Sudan
Sudan’s import activities are of moderate importance, with total imports in 2023 amounting to 1.13% of GDP.
Sudan’s key import activities include raw sugar, wheat, refined petroleum, garments, and jewelry. Its main import partners are China (22%), UAE (20%), India (18%), Egypt (9%), and Turkey (5%).
Exports Activities of Sudan
Sudan’s total exports in 2023 amounted to 811,697,319.97 USD, with exports accounting for approximately 1.57% of its GDP. This low percentage indicates a relatively low importance of export activities in the country’s economy.
Sudan’s export activities are primarily focused on gold, crude petroleum, oil seeds, ground nuts, and cotton. The country’s top export partners are the UAE, China, Italy, Egypt, and Turkey, with the UAE accounting for 43% of exports.
Sudan economy challenges in 2024
Sudan, a low-income Sahel economy, faces challenges in 2024. Despite being a major agricultural exporter, food prices are high due to COVID-19. The transitional government is investing in human capital, but the ongoing Gezira Scheme project is crucial for economic growth.
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